12.22 million, the number of fresh graduates has broken records again, the country has taken intensive measures, and a huge chain reaction has begun

Zhigu Trend

·2024-12-11 11:09

obtain employment! obtain employment!

The matter of employment is urgent for the country.

Recently, policies have been intensively implemented, making every effort to promote employment, with one big move after another:

The expansion of enrollment for master's and doctoral programs is expected to reach around 1.35 million by 2025, based on the average growth rate in recent years;

Multiple human resources and social security departments have issued documents to relax the identity recognition standards for fresh graduates, clarifying that their work experience and social security contributions will no longer be reviewed in the recruitment of public institutions within the province. For example, Hunan has relaxed to 3 years and Shandong has 2 years;

The recruitment age for civil servants in multiple provinces has been relaxed to 40 years old, directly breaking the "35 year old threshold" in the workplace;

Eliminating employment discrimination. It is strictly prohibited to release recruitment information containing the words "985 universities", "211 universities" and other words, and it is strictly prohibited to release demand information that violates the discriminatory provisions of the state on gender, registered residence, education and other terms;

……

With the intensive introduction of heavy policies, the country has also raised employment to unprecedented heights:

Include it in the performance evaluation of leadership teams in various regions and universities, requiring the top leader to "personally deploy and guide", and must ensure its implementation.

Why is it so important for the country to do a good job in the employment of 12.22 million college graduates?

Why do many companies struggle to find suitable candidates while fresh graduates struggle to find satisfactory jobs?

In this event that has touched countless hearts, the tide of the times has quietly turned, and a huge chain reaction has begun.

01

Isn't the post-00s generation going to reorganize their workplace? Why can't they even enter the workplace

Not long ago, the million dollar blogger Mao Wenyue joked that graduates couldn't find jobs, causing a stir in public opinion. Netizens fiercely "rectified" him. Directly losing millions of followers, even if you slip and kneel, it cannot be undone.

The collapse of the Sheep Month once again proves that we should not go against the trend of history and stand in opposition to the majority of people.

You know what?

The newly announced number of college graduates in 2025 is expected to reach 12.22 million, breaking the historical record again. In fact, the number of graduates has been on the rise since entering the 21st century, breaking records every year.

Compared to 3.07 million in 2005, the number of Chinese college graduates next year has increased threefold.

By simply counting the numbers, you will know how much employment pressure is behind this.

In 2013, a senior leader once calculated with his fingers that a 1 percentage point increase in GDP could drive employment for 1.3 million or even 1.5 million people. To ensure the creation of 10 million new jobs, a 7.2% economic growth is required. That year, the number of college graduates was only about 7 million.

Today, with the transformation of the economic development model and the development of the service industry, experts estimate that a 1 percentage point increase in GDP can already drive employment for 2 million people. However, even so, estimated at a growth rate of around 5%, it can only solve the problem of creating 10 million new jobs, and it is difficult to cover all college graduates.

As a result, the country's emphasis on employment has been continuously increasing and has risen to the level of being a top priority for people's livelihoods.

The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing the Employment Priority Strategy to Promote High Quality and Full Employment" released in September this year, abbreviated as the "24 Articles on Employment", according to Xinhua News Agency, is the first central level guidance document on promoting employment since the new era, with extremely high standards. This document proposes for the first time to make employment work an important part of the performance evaluation of party and government leadership teams at or above the county level.

On November 11th, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Employment and Entrepreneurship for the 2025 National College Graduates", which clearly stated for the first time:

All regions and universities should regard the employment of college graduates as a top priority for people's livelihood, place it in a prominent and important position, and include it in the important agenda and performance evaluation of the leadership team

Establish and improve a work mechanism where the main responsible comrades personally deploy and guide, and the responsible comrades in charge take the lead in commanding and coordinating, to promote the gradual consolidation of work responsibilities.

It should be noted that the Ministry of Education releases guidance documents on employment and entrepreneurship for college graduates every year, but one detail is that this year's release date is 20 days earlier than last year, which is the earliest in the past 10 years.

It seems that from the publication time of the Ministry of Education over the years, we can also feel which years we are more "anxious" about employment:

Publication date for the 2025th session: November 11, 2024

Publication date for the 2024 session: December 1, 2023

Date of publication for the 2023 session: November 14, 2022

Publication date for the 2022 session: November 15, 2021

Publication date for the 2021 session: November 20, 2020

2020 issue date: March 4th, 2020

Published on November 27, 2018 in the 2019 edition

Published on December 1, 2017 for the 2018 edition

Published on November 25, 2016 in the 2017 edition

Publication date of 2016: November 27, 2015

2015 issue date: November 28, 2014

In fact, in order to solve the employment problem of graduates, education departments at all levels have exerted tremendous efforts.

02

By sorting out the specific content of the annual work notice of the Ministry of Education, it can be found that the measures are becoming more and more perfect, and the actions are becoming more and more urgent.

For example, starting from the 2022 session, the document proposes to implement the "top employment" project and include the employment of college graduates in the assessment indicators of college leadership teams.

Starting from the 2023 cohort, it will be proposed to implement a red and yellow card reminder system for the implementation rate of employment destinations for college graduates. This year, it has been further refined into majors:

Implement a red and yellow card warning system for majors with low employment quality, and promptly adjust or update disciplines and majors that are no longer suitable for social needs.

That is to say, the quality of employment may even determine the life or death of a profession. In the future, which majors may face the fate of being adjusted or revoked if they fail to secure employment opportunities.

It can be seen that the education department has fully realized the necessity of dynamically adjusting and optimizing disciplines and majors, and is striving to promote supply-demand adaptation.

In fact, there is a significant difference in this year's guidance document. Its first point to the point does not emphasize leadership attention, organizational support, ideological awareness, and other issues, but directly points to:

Supply and demand adaptation

This requires universities in various regions to conduct surveys on job market demand, such as visiting enterprises and commissioning specialized agencies to conduct surveys, in order to timely grasp changes in demand and better adapt to the situation.

Since last year, the Ministry of Education has carried out special supervision on the employment of college graduates from multiple provinces. This year, members of the Party Group of the Ministry of Education also led teams to conduct supervision in provinces and cities such as Anhui, Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Jiangxi, and Tianjin.

At the local level, Jiangsu Province has been carrying out similar work since at least 2018. Last year, Jiangsu organized 16 working groups to conduct special supervision on the employment work of 2023 graduates in universities throughout the province, and finally selected 107 A-level universities. Hunan and Fujian also have similar actions.

It can be seen that both universities and local governments have taken action to help college graduates and solve employment problems.

So, where are the main "bottlenecks" and "blockages" in the current employment problem?

It is said that college graduates are valuable talent resources, why is it so difficult to take the first step towards society?

The answer lies precisely in the mismatch between supply and demand.

03

What are the specific aspects of mismatch—— Ability mismatch, educational mismatch, preference mismatch.

This is the view of Wang Ting, director of the Human Resources Development and Management Research Center and professor at the School of Business at China University of Political Science and Law. He explained in detail during a media interview that:

Firstly, the mismatch of employability is the most prominent issue. There is still a gap between the employability of college students cultivated by universities and the vocational skills required by enterprises.

That is to say, in most cases, fresh graduates cannot achieve "plug and play", and there is even a considerable gap in their ability to perform their duties normally. Faced with socialized competition, there are obvious disadvantages.

Secondly, there is a mismatch in educational qualifications, with an increasing number of highly educated college students and a shortage of matching job positions.

Posts that need a doctor's degree, a master's degree and other high qualifications are at the top of the pyramid in the job market, and the demand proportion is relatively small. With the expansion of college enrollment, the phenomenon of "more monks and less porridge" in these posts is becoming more and more prominent.

Therefore, there is a strange situation where the employment rate of graduate students is lower than that of undergraduate students. In the past two years, the expansion of doctoral and master's programs has continued, but the number of applicants for graduate studies has begun to decline, from a peak of 4.74 million to 3.88 million. It can be seen that more and more college students have a clear understanding of this.

Thirdly, there is a mismatch between the nature of employers and employment preferences. Graduates are increasingly fond of positions such as civil servants, civil servants, and state-owned enterprises, and have a "risk aversion" towards private enterprises.

You see, the popularity of taking the postgraduate entrance examination has declined, but the popularity of taking the civil service examination is still soaring. The fierce competition has made the mentality of "seeking stability" more prevalent, and college students who follow the trend have even squeezed out remote mountainous areas and grassroots township civil servant positions with a monthly salary of 3000 yuan.

However, over 90% of enterprises in China are private enterprises, and over 80% of urban employment is solved by private enterprises. This creates a huge preference mismatch.

According to data from Zhongzhi Recruitment Network, in 2024, the number of recruits from state-owned enterprises accounted for 37.9% of all recruits, but over 60% of graduates submitted resumes to state-owned enterprises; In contrast, private enterprises account for over 53% of campus recruitment, while only 18% of students submit resumes.

In addition, in recent years, private enterprises have also been struggling, with many high-quality positions shrinking. The three giants of real estate, education and training, and the Internet have all died down in previous years. New energy, new energy vehicles, and chips, which have been dubbed as the "new three major employment engines," are also difficult to justify their lavish spending. Some fresh graduates encounter the dilemma of "layoffs" before stepping out of school.

BYD, which is quite "domineering" in terms of campus recruitment positions, was once praised as "offer click and send". The total number of campus recruitment in 2024 was 11300, which is more than half of the 31800 in 2023.

There is a saying that summarizes it well: many graduates are not unable to find jobs, but rather unable to find suitable ones.

If the mismatch problem is not solved, employment will always be a challenge, so you can understand why the guidance documents of the Ministry of Education prioritize "supply-demand adaptation".

04

To solve the problem of employment in the long run, it naturally depends on economic development. What about the current employment situation?

There is hope, there are always more solutions than difficulties.

An interesting phenomenon is that the guidance documents of the Ministry of Education point out some key employment areas every year, showing a new trend of "finding jobs". The development of the economy and society will also create new "employment reservoirs".

In this year's document, three new key words have been added:

Green economy, silver economy, low altitude economy

Green economy represents the direction of the development of new quality productive forces in the country. Recently, the country established a new state-owned enterprise - China Resources Recycling Group Co., Ltd., which specializes in collecting waste, indicating the great potential of circular economy;

The silver economy is a new trend in the aging era. The government has just issued the "Opinions on Developing the Silver Hair Economy to Enhance the Welfare of the Elderly", also known as the "Silver Hair Economy No.1 Document". In an era where there are more elderly people than children, aging can also "cultivate new driving forces for economic development";

For example, some young people have developed a new blue ocean of "ghostwriting memoirs" for the elderly. "I only work without going to work, and I earn 20000 yuan a month writing memoirs for the elderly." "I have written three memoirs, and my income is enough to buy a car.

The low altitude economy, as a strategic emerging industry, is currently a hot topic being contested across the country and has the potential to open up a trillion dollar market. Among them, drone pilots have become an emerging profession, reported by the media as having a monthly salary of up to 30000 yuan and a gap of up to one million yuan, which has sparked a research fever.

In addition, many young people have chosen a "super employment reservoir" - online anchors.

Don't be fooled by the fact that there are now over 15 million online broadcasters, more than the number of doctors and nurses in the country, but some institutions predict that the talent gap in the live streaming industry will reach 19.415 million next year.

In the past five to six years, the scale of live streaming e-commerce transactions has skyrocketed to 5 trillion yuan, giving birth to phenomenon level anchors like Dong Yuhui. With the advent of short video and live broadcast, the average Chinese person has spent more than 2.5 hours on short video every day, more than playing games or watching dramas.

The entry threshold for online anchors is also the lowest, as they can start broadcasting anytime and anywhere with just one mobile phone.

Of course, live streaming hosts often work for more than 10 hours a day, which is very demanding. Here, perhaps the next Dong Yuhui may be born.

In the rapidly changing times, many industries are undergoing reshuffling, and even senior employees and veteran workers in the workplace are facing career turbulence, let alone fresh graduates who are just starting out?

Adjusting one's mindset, facing difficulties, and striving to seize every opportunity in the cracks of the times, one can always see hope for success.

Perhaps this is the first lesson society has taught this group of college students.

This article is from the WeChat official account "Wisdom Valley Trend", written by Jianshu Ao, 36 kryptons of which have been authorized to release.

The viewpoint of this article only represents the author himself, and the 36Kr platform only provides information storage space services.

1222万，应届毕业生数量再破纪录，国家密集出手，巨大的连锁反应开始了